Distinguished Assistant Professor, Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University

Kenji Itao

I study the mechanisms of diverse human social structure formation, using statistical physics, complex systems theory, and cultural evolution.

Why do distant societies often end up with similar structures—e.g., kinship systems, institutions, and political organization? My view is that such similarities are generated by simple, common mechanisms. I model insights from anthropology and history, and simulate the resulting dynamics using methods inspired by statistical physics and evolutionary theory. The goal is to explain how micro-level interactions generate macro-level social structures.

contact: kenji.itao[at]tohoku.ac.jp

Kenji Itao

Research

Why do geographically distant societies often develop similar cultural forms? This is one of the central questions in human history. Anthropologists and historians have long identified recurring structural patterns across cultures from different times and regions. I argue that such similarities emerge because there are shared mechanisms that generate culture wherever humans form societies. Drawing on ideas from statistical physics and evolutionary theory, I study how micro-level interactions among individuals give rise to macro-level social structures, and develop mathematical models that explain recurring similarities in cultural and social structures.

Conceptual diagram of the mathematical modeling approach
Mathematical models clarify how recurring forms of human interaction can generate social structures through simulation.

Selected Publications

Kenji Itao. Evolutionary Human Sciences 8 e28 2026
A study identifying two universal pathways in demographic transition by analyzing changes in fertility and life expectancy across 237 countries and territories from 1800 to 2020.
Press release: RIKEN
Related coverage: Newsweek
Kenji Itao, Kunihiko Kaneko. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117.5 2020
A study on the emergence of kinship systems with specific rules—like “a son of the Sun should marry a daughter of the Moon” from a general interaction pattern in human societies: in-laws cooperate while mating rivals compete.

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